SCOTT SEMANS WORLD COINS
China Numismatic Literature: Reviews    (557)




Following in no particular order are informal commentaries and reviews of numismatic works which do not appear in public domain web pages. Often they originated as postings in duscussion groups or private emails, and are not as rigorous as a scholarly review might be, but still contain useful insights on the works covered. If you know of any additional online reviews of these works, please CONTACT ME.

Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert: Catalogue of Chinese Coins from the VIIth Cent BC to AD 621 (British Museum Catalogue)

     Lacouperie's catalog of ancient Chinese coins was a very good work for its time -- the first extensive catalog in a western language of Chinese knife, spade and early round coins. Only a few of the coins listed in this catalog were actually in the British Museum, and some of those were obvious fakes. Lacouperie identified the fakes when he recognized them -- quite an innovation in those days. Most of the coins listed in the catalog are taken from Chinese works, especially Li Tso-hsien's "Ku Ch'uan Hui," which Lacouperie abbreviates K.C.H. By including the listings in Chinese works, Lacouperie was the first westerner to attempt a corpus of all ancient Chinese coins. Many of the readings of the inscriptions on the knife and spade coins are wrong, but Lacouperie was only following the readings in Chinese works. Lacouperie's most original contribution, however, is his theory of Chinese monetary unions. In classical Greek coinage, it is well established that certain Greek city states formed unions and issued coins in the same standards. Lacouperie thought he saw the same situation in Chou dynasty coinage and devotes some space to the subject in the catalog. As far as I know, no one today believes that such monetary unions existed in ancient China. Lacouperie was a believer in the idea of diffusion, which theorizes that all civilizations developed from an original civilization in Mesopotamia. One of Lacouperie's other works attempts to show that Chinese characters are actually derived from Egyptian hieroglyphs or Mesopotamian cuneiform writing. Such ideas were widely held in the 19th century -- supporting the idea of western superiority. In the 20th century, diffusionism was discarded, but now it seems a bit too hastily. For example, it is now pretty well accepted that the ancient Chinese chariot was a direct import from the middle east. And there is the question of how Chinese writing suddenly appeared in the late Shang as a fully developed system, with no apparent precursors. I read somewhere that there was a furor over the appointment of Lacouperie, a Frenchman, to compile the British Museum's Chinese catalog. If I remember correctly, the decision was made, in part, because Lacouperie was in need of an income, and so he was hired to do the job. The catalog does have a handy collection of historical notes about ancient Chinese cities, something not found in western works until Arthur Coole's series of catalogs (Encyclopedia of Chinese Coins, volumes 2-6). Unfortunately Coole chose to make his own reading of the inscriptions on Chinese spade coins, and he was often wrong. His bits of geographical information, from what he called the DG (Geographical Dictionary - a dictionary of historical geography published in the 1930's), are mostly useless because he had the wrong reading of the inscription, or because he chose the wrong place name in the geographical dictionary, or because he did not understand the dictionary's passage and mistranslated the information. As a result, he has attributed some spade coins to places which were not part of ancient China (the far south and Sinkiang) or which did not come into existence till centuries later. Lacouperie's catalog is also useful for his glossary of terms. Though Lacouperie's British Museum catalog has been largely superceeded by later works -- Coole's Encyclopedia in English and various recent works in Chinese -- it is still useful, particularly for identifying ancient Chinese coins in old auction catalogs which use the BMC as a reference.
Source: Bruce W. Smith: Fri Dec 12, 2008: Posting to Ancient_Chinese_Coins@yahoogroups.com






WEBSITE DIRECTORY    | | |    INDEX OF ARTICLES    | | |